Belting Bibliography
Wanna learn more about belting? Here is some of the published scholarship.
*This is Not a comprehensive List, but it is a good start for any curious reader.
Bestebreurtje, Martine E. and Harm K. Schutte. “Resonance strategies for the belting style: Results of a single female subject study.” Journal of Voice 14, no. 2 (June 2000): 194-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80027-2.
Berg, Gregory. “Bel canto-can belto: teaching women to sing, musical theatre: Mary Saunders-Barton on belting and the mixed middle voice.” Journal of Singing 67, no. 3 (January/February 2011): 373–375.
Bergan, Christine C., Ingo R. Titze, and Brad Story. “The perception of two vocal qualities in a synthesized vocal utterance: Ring and pressed voice.” Journal of Voice 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.09.004.
Björkner, Eva, Johan Sundberg, Tom Cleveland, and Ed Stone. “Voice source differences between registers in female musical theatre singers.” Journal of Voice 20, no. 2 (June 2006):187–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.01.008.
Björkner, Eva. “Musical theatre and opera singing—Why so different? A study of subglottal pressure, voice source, and formant frequency characteristics.” Journal of Voice 22, no. 5 (September 2008): 533–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.12.007.
Bourne, Tracy and Maëva Garnier. “Physiological and acoustic considerations of the female music theater voice.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 2 (February 2012): 1586-1594. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3675010.
Bourne, Tracy, Maëva Garnier, and Adeline Samson. “Physiological and acoustic characteristics of the male music theatre voice.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 1 (July 2016): 610-621. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4954751.
Bourne, Tracy, Maëva Garnier, and Dianna Kenny. “Music theatre voice: Production, physiology and pedagogy.” In Perspectives on Teaching Singing: Australian Vocal Pedagogues Sing their Stories, edited by Scott D. Harrison, 170-182. Bowen Hills, Qld.: Australian Academic Press, 2010.
Bourne, Tracy, Maëva Garnier, and Diana Kenny. “Musical theatre voice: production, physiology and pedagogy.” Journal of Singing 67, no. 4 (March/April 2011): 437–444.
Bourne, Tracy and Dianna Kenny. “Vocal Qualities in Music Theater Voice: Perceptions of Expert Pedagogues.” Journal of Voice 30, no. 1 (January 2016): 128.e1-128.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.03.008.
Bozeman, Kenneth W., Practical Vocal Acoustics: Pedagogic Applications for Teachers and Singers. Hillsdale: Pendragon Press, 2013.
Edwards, Matthew. So You Want to Sing Rock ‘N’ Roll: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
Edwin, Robert. “Apples and oranges: Belting revisited.” Journal of Singing 57, no. 2 (November 2000): 43-44.
Edwin, Robert. “Belt yourself.” Journal of Singing 60, no. 3 (January/February 2004): 285-288.
Edwin, Robert. “Belting 101. Part 1.” Journal of Singing 55, no. 1 (September/October 1998): 53-55.
Edwin, Robert. “Belting 101. Part 2.” Journal of Singing 55, no. 2 (November/December 1998): 61-62.
Edwin, Robert. “Belting: Bel canto or brutto canto?” Journal of Singing 59, no. 1 (September/October 2002): 67-68.
Edwin, Robert. “A broader Broadway.” Journal of Singing 59, no. 5 (May 2003): 431-432.
Edwin, Robert. “Contemporary music theater: Louder than words.” Journal of Singing 61, no. 3 (January 2005): 291-292.
Edwin, Robert. “Belt is legit.” Journal of Singing 64, no. 2 (November/December 2007): 213-215.
Estill, Jo. “Belting and classic voice quality: Some physiological differences.” Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 3 (1988): 37-43.
Estill, Jo. “Observations about the quality called belting.” In The Ninth Symposium, Care of the Professional Voice, ed. B. Weinberg & V. Lawrence, 82-88. New York City: Voice Foundation, 1980.
Estill, Jo, O. Fujimura, M. Sawada, and K. Beechler. “Temporal perturbation and voice qualities.” In Vocal Fold Physiology: Controlling Complexity and Chaos edited by Pamela J. Davis and Neville H. Fletcher, 237-252. Singular Publishing, 1996.
Echternach, Matthias, Lisa Popeil, Louisa Traser, Sascha Wienhausen, and Bernhard Richter. “Vocal tract shapes in different singing functions used in musical theater singing: A pilot study.” Journal of Voice 28, no. 5 (September 2014): 653.e1-653.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.01.011.
Fantini, Marco, Franco Fussi, Erika Crosetti, and Giovanni Succo. “Estill voice training and voice quality control in contemporary commercial singing: An exploratory study.” Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 42, no. 4 (December 2017): 146-152.
Garner, Kelly K. “Cooking up popular styles and a healthy belt voice.” In The Voice Teacher’s Cookbook: Creative Recipes for Teachers of Singing edited by Brian J. Winnie, 51-52. Delray Beach, FL: Meredith Music, 2018.
Garner, Kelly K. So You Want to Sing Country: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.
Green, Kathryn. “Cross training ingredients for the female belt and classical voice.” In The Voice Teacher’s Cookbook: Creative Recipes for Teachers of Singing edited by Brian J. Winnie, 53-55. Delray Beach, FL: Meredith Music, 2018.
Green, Kathryn, Warren Freeman, Matthew Edwards, and David Meyer. “Trends in musical theatre voice: An analysis of audition requirements for singers.” Journal of Voice 28, no. 3 (May 2014): 324-327.
Hall, Karen. So You Want to Sing Music Theater: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
Henderson, Laura Browning. How to Train Singers. 2nd ed. West Nyack, NY: Parker Publishing, 1991.
Howard, David M. “Electrolaryngographically revealed aspects of the voice source in singing.” Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 35, no. 2 (April 2010): 81-89. https://www.doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2010.482863.
Latimerlo, Gina and Lisa Popeil. Sing Anything: Mastering Vocal Styles. G. Latimerlo and L. Popeil, 2012.
LeBorgne, Wendy Lynn DeLeo. “Defining the belt voice: Perceptual judgments and objective measures.” (Ph.D. diss., University of Cincinnati, 2001).
LeBorgne, Wendy, Linda Lee, Joseph C. Stemple, and Heather Bush. “Perceptual findings on the Broadway belt voice.” Journal of Voice 24, no. 6 (November 2010): 678-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.02.004.
LeBorgne, Wendy D. and Marci Rosenberg. The Vocal Athlete. San Diego: Plural Publishing, 2014.
Lebowitz, Amy and R.J. Baken. “Correlates of the belt voice: A broader examination.” Journal Voice 25, no 2 (March 2011): 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.10.014.
Lombard, Lori E. and Kimberly M. Steinhauer. “A novel treatment for hypophonic voice: Twang therapy.” Journal of Voice 21, no. 3 (May 2007): 294-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.12.006.
LoVetri, Jeannette, Susan Lesh, and Peak Woo. “Preliminary Study on the Ability of Trained Singers to Control the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Laryngeal Musculature.” Journal of Voice 13, no. 2 (1999): 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80024-1.
LoVetri, Jeannette. “Contemporary commercial music.” Journal of Voice 22, no. 3 (May 2008): 260-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.11.002.
LoVetri, Jeannette L. and Edrie Means Weekly. “Contemporary commercial music (CCM) survey: Who’s teaching what in nonclassical music.” Journal of Voice 17, no. 2 (June 2003): 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00004-3.
LoVetri, Jeannette. “Contemporary commercial music: More than one way to use the vocal tract.” Journal of Singing 58, no. 3 (January 2002): 249-52.
LoVetri, Jeannette. “Female chest voice.” Journal of Singing 60, no. 2 (November/December 2003): 161-164.
LoVetri, Jeannette. “The confusion about belting: A personal observation.” VoicePrints Journal of the New York Singing Teachers’ Association (September/October 2012): 4-7.
Maxfield, Lynn and Brian Manternach. “Perceptual differences between novice and professional music theater singers.” Journal of Voice 32, no. 5 (September 2018): 572-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.08.007.
McCoy, Scott. “A Classical Pedagogue Explores Belting.” Journal of Singing 63, no. 5 (May/June 2007): 545-549.
McCoy, Scott. “Why I don’t teach belting.” Journal of Singing 70, no. 2 (November/December 2013): 181-182.
McCoy, Scott. “The old dog learns a new trick or (Why I now teach belting).” Journal of Singing 73, no. 1 (September/October 2016): 45-46.
McGlashan, Julian, Mathias Aaen Thuesen, and Cathrine Sadolin. “Overdrive and Edge as refiners of ‘belting?’ An empirical study qualifying and categorizing ‘belting’ based on audio perception, laryngostroboscopic imaging, acoustics, LTAS, and EGG.” Journal of Voice 31, no. 3 (May 2017): 385.e11-385.e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.006.
Miller, D.G., Schutte, H.K. ”Mixing” the registers: glottal source or vocal tract? Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 57 (2005): 278–291. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087081.
Miles, Beth and Harry Hollien. “Whither belting?” Journal of Voice 4, no.1 (1990): 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80083-9.
Mindel, Valerie. So You Want to Sing Folk Music: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.Popeil, Lisa. “Comparing Belt and Classical Techniques Using MRU and Video Fluoroscopy.” Journal of Singing 56, no. 2 (November/December 1999): 27-29.
Popeil, Lisa. “The Multiplicity of Belting.” Journal of Singing 64, no. 1 (September/October 2007): 77-80.
Popeil, Lisa. “Baking a great belting sound.” In The Voice Teacher’s Cookbook: Creative Recipes for Teachers of Singing edited by Brian J. Winnie, 90-92. Delray Beach, FL: Meredith Music, 2018.
Robinson-Martin, Trineice. So You Want to Sing Gospel: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.
Roll, Christianne. “The evolution of the female Broadway belt voice: Implications for teachers and singers.” Journal of Voice 30, no. 5 (September 2016): 639.e1-639.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.07.008.
Saunders Barton, M. Bel canto/can belto: Teaching women to sing musical theatre. DVD. University Park, PA: Penn State Media Sales, 2007.
Saunders Barton, M. Bel canto/can belto: What about the boys? Teaching men to sing musical theatre. DVD. University Park, PA: Self Published, 2014.
Schutte, Harm K. and Donald G. Miller. “Belting and pop, nonclassical approaches to the female middle voice: Some preliminary considerations.” Journal of Voice 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80344-3.
Schutte, Harm K., James A. Stark, and Donald G. Miller. “Change in singing production, objectively measured.” Journal of Voice 17, no 4 (December 2003): 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1067/S0892-1997(03)00009-2.
Shapiro, Jan. So You Want to Sing Jazz: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.
Spivey, Norman. “Music theatre singing ... let's talk. Part 1: The Relationship of Speech and Singing.” Journal of Singing 64, no. 4 (March/April 2008): 483-489.
Spivey, Norman. “Music theater singing…let’s talk. Part 2: Examining the debate on belting.” Journal of Singing 64, no. 5 (May/June 2008): 607-614.
Steinhauer, Kimberly, Mary McDonald Klimek, and Jo Estill. The Estill Voice Model: Theory and Translation. Pittsburgh: Estill Voice International, 2018.
Story, Brad, Ingo R. Titze, and Eric A. Hoffman. “The relationship of vocal tract shape to three voice qualities.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 4 (April 2001): 1651–1667. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1352085.
Sullivan, Jan. “How to teach the belt/pop voice.” Journal of Research in Singing and Applied Vocal Pedagogy 13, no. 1 (1989): 41-56.
Sundberg, Johan and Margareta Thalén. “What is twang?” Journal of Voice 24, no. 6 (November 2010): 654-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.03.003.
Sundberg, Johan and Margareta Thalén. “Respiratory and Acoustical Differences Between Belt and Neutral Styles of Singing.” Journal of Voice 29, no. 4 (July 2015): 418–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.018.
Sundberg, Johan, Margareta Thalén, and Lisa Popeil. “Substyles of belting: Phonatory and resonatory characteristics.” Journal of Voice 26, no. 2 (January 2012): 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.10.007.
Sundberg, Johan, Patricia Gramming, and Jeannette Lovetri. “Comparisons of pharynx, source, formant, and pressure characteristics in operatic and musical theatre singing.” Journal of Voice 7, no. 4 (December 1993): 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80118-3.
Thalen, Margareta and Johan Sundberg. “Describing different styles of singing: A comparison of a female singer’s voice source in ‘Classical,’ ‘Pop,’ ‘Jazz,’ and ‘Blues.’” Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 26, no. 2 (2001): 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/140154301753207458.
Thuesen, Mathias Aaen, Julian McGlashan, and Cathrine Sadolin. “Investigating laryngeal ‘Tilt’ on same-pitch phonation: Preliminary findings of vocal mode metal and density parameters as alternatives to cricothyroid-thyroarytenoid ‘Mix.’” Journal of Voice, in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.023.
Titze, Ingo and Albert S. Worley. “Modeling source-filter interaction in belting and high-pitched operatic male singing.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126, no. 3 (September 2009): 1530-1540. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3160296.
Titze, Ingo R., Christine C. Bergan, Eric Hunter, and Brad Story. “Source and filter adjustments affecting the perception of the vocal qualities twang and yawn.” Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 28, no. 4 (December 2003):147–155.
Titze, Ingo. “Formant frequency shifts for classical and theater belt vowel modification.” Journal of Singing 67, no. 3 (January/February 2011): 311-312.
Titze, Ingo. “Can a belt or call timbre be achieved without a large closed quotient?” Journal of Singing 72, no. 5 (May/June 2016): 587-588.
Titze, Ingo. “The case of the missing or depressed fundamental: Belting and trumpeting.” Journal of Singing 73, no. 1 (September/October 2016): 53-54.
Titze, lngo. “Belting and a high larynx position.” Journal of Singing 63, no. 5 (May/June 2007): 557-558.
Yanagisawa, Eiji, Jo Estill, Steven T. Kmucha, and Steven B. Leder. “The contribution of aryepiglottic constriction to ‘ringing’ voice quality: A videolaryngoscopic study with acoustic analysis.” Journal of Voice 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 342–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(89)80057-8.
Yamin, Eli. So You Want to Sing the Blues: A Guide for Performers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.
Zangger Borch, D. and Johan Sundberg. “Some phonatory and resonatory characteristics of the rock, pop, soul, and Swedish dance band styles of singing.” Journal of Voice 25, no. 5 (September 2011): 532-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.014.